Top 100 Most Disruptive

The 100 most-disruptive papers by the Funk & Owen-Smith CD (disruption) index, which measures how much a paper redirected the field away from prior work.

Curated by · Professor of Surgery, Department of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic · Corpus last refreshed · Publications

Ranked from the IBD extraintestinal-manifestations literature.

The disruption index is unreliable for papers published within the last 5 years. The forward-citation window is too short to score them, so recent papers are excluded from this ranking. A research reference for clinicians and trainees, not treatment advice.

#PaperAltmetricCD index
1Post-surgical pyoderma gangrenosum of the vaginal vault associated with ulcerative colitis and Behçet's disease; a case report.
Lilford · 1989 · Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
+0.960
24 cites
2Campylobacter colitis associated with erythema nodosum.
1982 · Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)
+0.763
29 cites
3AGA Clinical Practice Update on Surveillance for Hepatobiliary Cancers in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Expert Review.
2019 · Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.550
79 cites
4Ankylosing spondylitis in a Canadian Indian population.
1966 · Ann Rheum Dis
+0.418
41 cites
5An analysis of 10218 ulcerative colitis cases in China.
Jiang XL · 2002 · World J Gastroenterol
+0.296
134 cites
6SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM COMPLICATING ULCERATIVE COLITIS: REPORT OF TWO CASES.
1964 · Mayo Clin Proc
+0.250
36 cites
7Predicting Outcomes in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis for Management Optimization: Systematic Review and Consensus Statements From the Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Ahead Program.
Orlanski-Meyer · 2021 · Gastroenterology
+0.218
48 cites
8Effects of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis on Risks of Cancer and Death in People With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Based on Sex, Race, and Age.
2020 · Gastroenterology
+0.198
148 cites
9Prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ulcerative colitis.
1991 · Gastroenterology
+0.175
311 cites
10OCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS.
1964 · Am J Ophthalmol
+0.166
39 cites
11Risk factors for recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis of liver allograft.
2002 · Lancet
+0.156
163 cites
12The role of microRNA-16 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review.
2019 · Biomed Pharmacother
+0.150
48 cites
13Emerging role of IL-35 in inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
2018 · Autoimmun Rev
+0.129
78 cites
14Ocular changes in granulomatous ileocolitis.
1970 · Arch Ophthalmol
+0.126
46 cites
15Paradoxical gastrointestinal effects of interleukin-17 blockers.
2020 · Ann Rheum Dis
+0.123
209 cites
16Effects of orthotopic liver transplantation and immunosuppression on inflammatory bowel disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients.
1993 · Transplant Proc
+0.115
49 cites
17THE COURSE AND PROGNOSIS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS. III. COMPLICATIONS.
1964 · Gut
+0.109
464 cites
18AIDS complicated by syphilis can mimic uveitis and Crohn's disease. Case report.
1987 · Arch Ophthalmol
+0.102
22 cites
19Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a review of its clinical features, cholangiography, and hepatic histology.
Chapman RW · 1980 · Gut
+0.102
740 cites
20Age at disease onset and diagnosis delay in HLA-B27 negative vs. positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
2003 · Rheumatol Int
+0.099
639 cites
21The extra-intestinal complications of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: a study of 700 patients.
Greenstein · 1976 · Medicine (Baltimore)
+0.099
1,063 cites
22The Pathogenesis of Extraintestinal Manifestations: Implications for IBD Research, Diagnosis, and Therapy.
2019 · J Crohns Colitis
+0.092
173 cites
23Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis with cholangitis: a variant of primary sclerosing cholangitis extensively involving pancreas.
1991 · Hum Pathol
+0.089
466 cites
24The Prevalence and Incidence of Axial and Peripheral Spondyloarthritis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
2017 · J Crohns Colitis
+0.089
167 cites
25Ankylosing spondylitis and spondylitis accompanying ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis, psoriasis and Reiter's disease. A comparative study.
1971 · Arthritis Rheum
+0.072
274 cites
26Development and validation of a pediatric Crohn's disease activity index.
1991 · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
+0.072
964 cites
27Genital pyoderma gangrenosum: report of two cases and published work review of Japanese cases.
2013 · J Dermatol
+0.071
24 cites
28Clinical features of pyoderma gangrenosum and current diagnostic trends.
2011 · J Am Acad Dermatol
+0.060
49 cites
29Vedolizumab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Associated with Autoimmune Liver Disease Pre- and Postliver Transplantation: A Case Series.
2016 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.057
25 cites
30Combination therapy in inflammatory bowel disease - from traditional immunosuppressors towards the new paradigm of dual targeted therapy.
Privitera G · 2021 · Autoimmun Rev
+0.056
56 cites
31Increased occurrence of psoriasis in patients with Crohn's disease and their relatives.
1990 · Am J Gastroenterol
+0.053
175 cites
32Alopecia Areata: a possible extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease.
2012 · J Crohns Colitis
+0.052
35 cites
33Severe steroid responsive pneumonitis associated with pyoderma gangrenosum and ulcerative colitis.
1985 · Thorax
+0.048
46 cites
34Primary ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic and enteropathic spondyloarthropathy: a controlled analysis.
1991 · J Rheumatol
+0.047
34 cites
35Pyoderma gangrenosum.
1969 · South Med J
+0.046
131 cites
36TNFR signalling and its clinical implications.
2018 · Cytokine
+0.046
49 cites
37Cholangiographic evaluation of bile duct carcinoma.
1983 · AJR Am J Roentgenol
+0.046
69 cites
38[Pyoderma gangrenosum: Clofazimine therapy].
1977 · Ann Dermatol Venereol
+0.045
33 cites
39Grading of films for sacro-iliitis in population studies.
1971 · Ann Rheum Dis
+0.043
57 cites
40Double balloon endoscopy in small intestinal Crohn's disease and other inflammatory diseases such as cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis (CMUSE).
2007 · Gastrointest Endosc
+0.043
42 cites
41Long term mortality after a single treatment course with X-rays in patients treated for ankylosing spondylitis.
1987 · Br J Cancer
+0.042
280 cites
42Stomal ulceration associated with pyoderma gangrenosum and chronic ulcerative colitis. Report of two cases.
1961 · Gastroenterology
+0.039
48 cites
43Secondary sclerosing cholangitis: a comparison to primary sclerosing cholangitis.
2005 · Am J Gastroenterol
+0.039
78 cites
44Ocular disorders in a series of 332 patients with Crohn's disease.
1974 · Br J Ophthalmol
+0.037
106 cites
45Tofacitinib.
2010 · Drugs R D
+0.037
35 cites
46Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease.
2012 · Nature
+0.035
3,758 cites
47[Age at disease onset and delayed diagnosis of spondyloarthropathies].
1999 · Z Rheumatol
+0.034
46 cites
48Infliximab-induced acne: report of two cases.
2007 · Br J Dermatol
+0.032
27 cites
49ABNORMALITIES OF THE SACRO-ILIAC JOINTS AND UVEITIS IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS.
1965 · Q J Med
+0.032
71 cites
50Abnormal hepatic biochemistries in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
2007 · Am J Gastroenterol
+0.031
103 cites
51Smoking and outcome in ankylosing spondylitis.
1996 · Scand J Rheumatol
+0.029
55 cites
52Myocarditis and inflammatory bowel disease. A 16-year Danish nationwide cohort study.
1997 · Dan Med Bull
+0.028
40 cites
53Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.
2011 · Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)
+0.027
340 cites
54Diagnosis and classification of autoimmune uveitis.
2014 · Autoimmun Rev
+0.026
100 cites
55Ocular manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.
2004 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.025
124 cites
56The epidemiology and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
2000 · Eur J Radiol
+0.024
201 cites
57The "early" ulcerative lesion of Crohn's disease: correlative light- and scanning electron-microscopic studies.
1980 · J Clin Gastroenterol
+0.024
106 cites
58Low-dose weekly methotrexate for unusual neutrophilic vascular reactions: cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa and Behçet's disease.
1991 · J Am Acad Dermatol
+0.023
74 cites
59Further evidence for an association between psoriasis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
1982 · Br J Dermatol
+0.023
157 cites
60Arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease in children.
1974 · J Pediatr
+0.023
80 cites
61The prevalence of extraintestinal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study.
2001 · Am J Gastroenterol
+0.022
567 cites
62Risk factors for biliary tract carcinogenesis.
1999 · Ann Oncol
+0.021
169 cites
63Pyoderma gangrenosum following cesarean delivery.
1998 · Obstet Gynecol
+0.020
33 cites
64Uveitis (iritis) associated with ulcerative and granulomatous colitis.
1967 · Gastroenterology
+0.020
64 cites
65Ankylosing spondylitis.
1968 · Lancet
+0.019
24 cites
66Severity of inflammation is a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis.
2004 · Gastroenterology
+0.018
975 cites
67Sex ratio in the spondyloarthropathies and its relationship to phenotypic expression, mode of inheritance and age at onset.
1993 · J Rheumatol
+0.017
77 cites
68Primary sclerosing cholangitis. A study of forty-two cases.
1966 · Am J Surg
+0.016
250 cites
69Gender-related differences in the clinical course of Crohn's disease.
Wagtmans MJ · 2001 · Am J Gastroenterol
+0.015
80 cites
70Pyoderma gangrenosum and ulcerative colitis.
1980 · Gut
+0.015
42 cites
71Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Concepts, Treatment, and Implications for Disease Management.
2021 · Gastroenterology
+0.015
659 cites
72Crohn's disease in the Chinese population. An experience from Hong Kong.
1994 · Dis Colon Rectum
+0.014
29 cites
73The association of autoimmune disorders with inflammatory bowel disease.
1989 · Q J Med
+0.014
175 cites
74Clinical aspects of the spondyloarthropathies.
1998 · Am J Med Sci
+0.014
44 cites
75TNF-mediated inflammatory disease.
2008 · J Pathol
+0.014
1,528 cites
76Neutrophilic dermatoses: pyoderma gangrenosum and Sweet's syndrome.
1997 · Postgrad Med J
+0.013
59 cites
77Successful treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with topical 5-aminosalicylic acid.
1993 · Cutis
+0.013
30 cites
78Associations between ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter's disease, the intestinal arthropathies, and Behcet's syndrome.
1974 · Medicine (Baltimore)
+0.013
476 cites
79Focal white-matter lesions in brain of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
1995 · Lancet
+0.013
98 cites
80Clinical presentation of Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, and indeterminate colitis: Symptoms, extraintestinal manifestations, and disease phenotypes.
Yu YR · 2017 · Semin Pediatr Surg
+0.012
267 cites
81Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with colchicine.
1995 · Lancet
+0.012
26 cites
82Azithromycin may reduce cholestasis in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a case report and serendipitous observation.
2007 · Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol
+0.012
26 cites
83Combination Therapy With Vedolizumab and Tofacitinib in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis and Spondyloarthropathy.
2019 · Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.012
37 cites
84Diffuse lymphoplasmacytic acalculous cholecystitis: a distinctive form of chronic cholecystitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
1998 · Hum Pathol
+0.012
24 cites
85Reduction of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and anti-phosphatidylserine-prothrombin complex antibody by granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis in a patient with pyoderma gangrenosum and ulcerative colitis.
2009 · Am J Gastroenterol
+0.011
25 cites
86Erythema nodosum: a sign of systemic disease.
2007 · Am Fam Physician
+0.011
131 cites
87Ileocolonoscopic findings in seronegative spondylarthropathies.
1988 · Br J Rheumatol
+0.011
173 cites
88[Sweet's syndrome and erythema nodosum associated with Crohn's disease treated by infliximab].
2002 · Gastroenterol Clin Biol
+0.011
25 cites
89Recurrent aphthae: treatment with vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron.
1975 · Br Med J
+0.011
128 cites
90Current clinical aspects of dialysis-related amyloidosis in chronic dialysis patients.
2006 · Ther Apher Dial
+0.011
33 cites
91Crohn's disease in the Singapore Chinese population.
1998 · J Clin Gastroenterol
+0.011
21 cites
92Drug-induced agranulocytosis during treatment with infliximab in enteropathic spondyloarthropathy.
2005 · Clin Exp Rheumatol
+0.010
30 cites
93Treatment of chronic erythema nodosum with infliximab.
2006 · Clin Exp Dermatol
+0.010
28 cites
94Effect of liposomal-encapsulated superoxide dismutase on active oxygen-related human disorders. A preliminary study.
1985 · Free Radic Res Commun
+0.010
64 cites
95Spondyloarthropathies.
2004 · Am Fam Physician
+0.010
54 cites
96Peristomal dermatology.
2008 · Clin Colon Rectal Surg
+0.010
22 cites
97Plasma antioxidant levels in chronic cholestatic liver diseases.
2000 · Aliment Pharmacol Ther
+0.010
53 cites
98T-cell receptor repertoire in pyoderma gangrenosum: evidence for clonal expansions and trafficking.
2007 · Br J Dermatol
+0.009
53 cites
99Oral vancomycin: treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
1998 · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
+0.009
52 cites
100SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS. ASSOCIATION WITH REGIONAL ENTERITIS.
1964 · JAMA
+0.009
57 cites